Double-acting internal-combustion engine



March 31. 1925. 1,531,702

F. M.KING 7 DOUBLE ACTING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Aug. 21, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet l ELJ "If I I m I W HIHH 1,,

I Hill]! Hm I 7/ I E 44 f I I 7 5 E 5 i I 75 g March 31. 1925.

' F. M. KING DOUBLE ACTING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Aug. 21 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Mar. 31, 1925.

UNITED STATES FRANK M. KING, OF BLUEFIE-Lll), WEST VIRGINIA.

DOUBLE-ACTING INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application filed August 21, 1922.

To all 207mm it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK M. Kine, a citizen of the United States, residing at Bluefield, in the county of Mercer and State of est Virginia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements'in a Double- Acting Internal-Combustion Engine, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an improved double acting internal combustion engine, preferably of the four cycle type.

The primary object of this invention is the provision of a compact double acting type of internal combustion engine, including an improved housing arrangement, the parts of which are readily detachable in order that access may be had to the various parts thereof, and in particular affording a simple and effective valve regulating construction. V

A further object of thisinvention is the provision of an improved four cycle type of double acting internal combustion engine, which embodies an improved valve arrangement.

Other objects and advantagesof this in vention will be apparent during the course of the following detailed description.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and wherein similar reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout the several views,

Figure 1 is a side elevation of the main parts of the internal combustion engine, showing parts thereof in section to illustrate the improved valve arrangement.

Figure 2 is a transverse cross sectional view, taken on the line 2-2 of Figure 1 and showing the cooperating details thereof.

Figure 3 is a fragmentary transverse cross sectional view, taken substantially on the line 33 of Figure 4.

Figure 4 is a fragmentary plan view of one end of the improved engine.

In the drawings, wherein for the purpose of illustration is shown but the preferred embodiment of this invention, the letter A designates the improved engine, which in cludes the housing construction B; )iston operating arrangement C; valve arrangement D; and lubricating system E.

Referring to the construction of the housing B, the same includes a crank case 10, which is subdivided into upper and lower Serial No. 583,452.

portions 11 and 12 respectively, adapted to rotatably receive thecrank shaft 13 for hearing therein, the portions 11 and 12 being connected as by bolts 14'. A cross head case portion 15, adapted for housing a portion of the piston operating means C is mounted upwardly upon the crank case 10, including lower outwardly extending flanges 17 adapted for attachment to the crank case in any approved manner. Upper flanges 18 are likewise provided, outwardly extending from the cross head casing 15. i a

A cylinder casing 20 is provided, which cooperates with upper and lower cylinder heads 21 and 22 respectively in completing the housing B. The cylinder casing 20 is provided with straight bore cylinder chambers 24 therethrough, in any approved number. A compartment 25 is preferably provided in the cylinder casing 20 immediately below each" cylinder chamber 24, which is of greater transverse dimension than the diameter of its cylinder chamber 24. For each cylinder chamber 24 intake and exhaust passageways or ports 27 and 28 respectively are provided in the top portion of said cylinder casing 20; said intake and exhaust ports 27 and 28 being provided with tapered valve seats 29 which are disposed in a horizontal plane flush with the top surface of the cylinder casing 20, although said ports open upon the horizontal sides of said cylinder casing 20, as can readily be seen from Figure 2 of the drawings.

The top cylinder head 21.is provided with a compartment 31 therein for each cylinder chamber 24 of the casing 20, said compartments 31 being of greater transverse dimen sion than the diameters of their cylinder chambers 24, so that when the head 21 is disposed upon the cylinder casing 20, the intake and exhaust ports 27 and 28: will communicate with the compartment 21 which is disposed just upwardly of a cylinder chamber 24, as can be seen from Figure2 of the drawings. The lower cylinder head 22 is of novel construction and includes intake and exhaust ports 33 and 34 upon opposite sides thereof for each cylinder chamber ofv the internal combustion engine. This cylinder head 22 is adapted for arrangement in the housing B intermediate the top of the cross head casing 15 and the cylinder casing 20, so that when so disposed, the horizontal openings defining the tapered seat of the intake and exhaust ports 33 and 34 communicate with the compartments25 provided for each cylinder, in:the lower part of the cylinder casing 20. These intake and exhaust ports and 34 respectively, likewise open upon the vertical sides of the lower cylinder head 22.

It is preferred that the improved double acting engine be of the water cooled type, and to this end water passageways 36, 37 and 38 are provided in the cylinder casing 20, upper cylinder head 21, and lower cylinder head 22, respectively, forinterco1nmunication in the well known manner. Gaskets 39 may be employedintermediate the cylinder casing 20 and-the upper and lower cylinder heads 21 and 22 in; order to provide leak proof connections. The lower cylinderhead 22 is connected in detachable manner intermediate the cross head casing 15 and the cylinder casing 20, by means of a series of detachable bolts 40, which extend upwardly through the flanges 18 and into the body portion, .of the cylinder casing and lower cylinder head, as can. be seen from Figure 3 of the drawings. In similar manner, seats 41 are provided inwardly from the top surface of the upper cylinder head 21, so that a series of bolts 42 may likewise connect said upper cylinder: head 21 in detachable manner to the cylinder casing 20.

Referring to the piston operating arrange ment C, the same includes pistons 44 of novel type, which are detachably mounted upon the piston rods 45 in each cylinder chamber 24;of the internal combustion engine A. The piston rods 45 slidably extend through novel packing boxes 46, mounted in the lower cylinder head 22; said packing arrangements 46 being of that type more specifically described in my co-pending application, Serial No. 583,450, filed August 21, 1922.

The piston rods 45, thus extend into the chamber 47 provided in the casing portion 15 and are each detachably connected to a cross head member 48 which isslidably connected by guide flanges 49 within each chamber 47 of the cross head casing portion 15. Connecting rods 50 are pivoted, asvat 51, to each cross head 48, and opera tively connected as at 52 to the throws of the crankshaft 13 in any approved manner. Thus it can be seen that the pistons 44 are each connected in acylinder chamber 24 intermediate the upper and lower compartments 31 and 25 respectively, so that intake and exhaust ports are provided for each cylinder chamber, both, upwardly and below each piston 44,. to provide anarrangen'ient for the improved internal combustion engine which will make the operation of the same double acting.

Since the intake'ports 27 and 33 of the housing B, and exhaust ports 28 and 34 on the other side of said housing, substantially H-shaped intakeand exhaust manifold 55 may be connected to the housing B for taking care of all of said ports.

teferring to the construction of the valve arrangement B, a'pair of cam shafts and 61 are provided in the crank case 10 extending parallel of the axis of the crank shaft 13, and being connected in any approved driving manner (not shown) thereto. The valves for the intake and exhaust ports 33 and 34 of the lower cylinder head 22 for each cylinder include plungers 63 which are reciprocably carried by brackets 64 attached to the cross'head casing 15 and extending through suitable apertures in the. flanges 17 and crank case 10. These plungers 63 have wear discs 65 upon their lower ends adapted for engagement by the cams 66 disposed upon the shafts 60 and 61. Valveistems 67 extend upwardly through theflanges 18 of the cross head casing 15 into the intake and. exhaust ports, 33 and 34, having tapered poppet valves-68 and 69 thereon for respective cooperation in the seats 35 of said intake and exhaust. ports 33 and 34 respectively. The ordinary valve springsfl7l are, of course, provided about the stems 67 and cooperate beneaththe flanges 18 in the well known manner with the plungers 63. The valves for the top ports 27 and 28 include plungers 73 altogether similar to the plungers 63 above mentioned, substantially as is illustrated in Fig. 1 and which. are reciprocably carried by brackets 77 upon the outer sides of the cross head casing 15 and extend through the crank case for cooperation with the cams on the cam shafts 60 and 61 in the well known manner. Valve stems 74 of much greater length than the valve stems 67 are provided, extending upwardly from their connection. with the plungers 73 through sleeve bearing portions 75 provided in the cylinder casing 20. Valve heads 76 and 77 of the flat tapered poppet type are provided for cooperation with the tapered seat 29 of the intake and exhaust ports 27 and 28 respectively, upon the tops of said rods 74.

Referringto the lubricating system E, the same will only be, generically described, as the same has been more specifically set forth and claimed in my co-pending-application Serial No. 583,451, filedAugust 21, 1922. This system includes an oil pump 7 8, which is utilized in. forcing oil upwardly through a conduit from the crank caseand over thetop of the internal combustion engine A. Valve regulating members 79 are provided in the upper cylinder head 21 axiallyof each cylinder chamber 24, which communicates with the top portion of the oil conduit 80 so that lubricant may be fed into the chambers 81 of the novel type of pistons 44.

A link operating mechanism 82 is provided for cooperation with each valve device 7 9 which extends downwardly along the outer portion of the engine housing B, and is suitably connected to a cam shaft 61 for operation.

Spark plugs or similar ignition arrangements 83 and 84 are respectively disposed upwardly of the inlet ports 33 and 27 respectively, which are respectively carried by the cylinder casing and upper cylinder head 21, so that the electrodes of said spark plugs 83 and 84 communicate in the compartments and 31 respectively directly over the poppet valves 68 and 76 respectively. A distributor 85 may be conveniently mounted upon the housing of the internal combustion engine A, having lines 86 leading to the various spark plugs 83 and S4 of the engine cylinder chambers.

In operation, explosive charges are used upon both upper and lower side surfaces of each piston 44, in order to make the same double acting, so that alternate power strokes are given the sides of the pistons 44 in the well known double acting manner. The ports 27 and 28 are utilized in connec tion with explosive charges and exhaust of the same upwardly of the pistons 44, while the lower intake and exhaust port arrangements and 34 are utilized in connection with explosive charges and exhaust of the same from below the pistons 44. The ignition devices 83 and 84 are conveniently and compactly arranged with respect to the intake of the combustion charges and the relatively large compartments 25 and 31 provided below and upwardly of each cylinder chamber 24 is an arrangement which is extremely practical and provides a most effective working of the double acting piston 44 in connection with the four cycle operation of this engine. It is to be noted that all of the port communications are upwardly and horizontally disposed and are directly exposed when the engine casing parts are disassembled, so that the valve parts may be readily cleaned. The casing parts 20, 21 and 22 have been so designed that the same may be easily and conveniently detached to expose the vital operation parts of the internal con'il'iustion engine and render the same easily accessible.

Various changes in the shape, size and arrangement of parts may be made to the form of the invention herein shown and described, without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the claims.

I claim:

1. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder casing, upper and lower removable cylinder heads, the lower cylinder head and upper portion of the cylinder casing having inlet and exhaust ports therein communicating with the cylinder chamber of the cylinder casing, a crank case, piston means operably mounted in the cylinder chamber crank case and lower cylinder head, and valve means cooperating in said inlet and exhaust ports.

2. As an article of manufacture, an internal combustion engine housing including a casing having a cylinder chamber therein, an upper detachable cylinder head, and a lower detachable cylinder head having intake and exhaust ports therein communicating with said cylinder chamber, said upper end of the cylinder casing having inlet and exhaust ports therein communicating with the cylinder chamber.

3. As an article of manufacture, an internal combustion engine housing including a cylinder casing having a cylinder chamber therein and provided with intake and ex haust ports upwardly therein, a cylinder head for removable attachment to the top of said cylinder casing over the intake and exhaust ports therein and providing a compartment communicating with the inlet and exhaust ports and cylinder chamber of said cylinder casing, and a cylinder head adapted for removable attachment to the bottom of said cylinder casing having intake and exhaust ports therein for communication with the cylinder chamber of said cylinder casing.

4. A double acting internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder casing having cylinder chambers therein, upper and lower cylinder heads for detachableconnection to said cylinder casing, said casings including intake and exhaust port means for communication with both the upper and lower ends of the cylinder chambers in said cylinder casing, a crank case, a crank shaft rotatably supported in said crank case, connecting rods connected to said crank shaft, cross heads pivotally connected to said con necting rods, a cross head casing detachably connected intermediate said crank case and lower cylinder head, pistons slidable in the cylinder chambers of said cylinder casing, piston rods slidably bearing within said lower cylinder head and connecting said pistons in said chambers with the cross heads in said cross head casing, and intake and. exhaust port control means.

5. An internal combustion engine comprising a housing construction including a cylinder chamber provided with cylinder chambers therein open at both ends, intake and exhaust ports in the upper end of said cylinder casing having outlet directly upon the top surface thereof adjacent the top outlet of each cylinder chamber, said cylinder casing having compartments provided inwardly from the lower surface thereof for each cylinder chamber and of greater trans verse dimension than the diameter of said cylinder chambers, a cylinder head for detachable connection on the upper surface of said cylinder casing having depressions upwardly therein for each cylinder chamber Qil and of greater transverse dimension than said cylinder chamber diameter for estab:

lishing communication between an intake port an exhaust port and a cylinder chamber, a lower cylinder head having; intake and exhaust ports therein for each cylinder chamber said ports opening upon the upper surface thereof and adapted for communi cation with each compartment at the lower part of said cylinder casing, a piston construction of the double actingtype slidably carried by said cylinder casing. and lower cylinder head, a crank shaft construction, a poppet valve construction, and ignition means carried by the cylinder casing andv top cylinder head directly over said intake ports.

6. An internal combustion engine housing construction comprising a cylinder casing providing a cylinder therein, a top cylinder head, means for detachably connecting the top cylinder head to the cylinder casing, a lower cylinder head, a cross head casing, means detachably connecting the lower cylinder head and cross head casing to the cylinder casing, and a crank casing connected to the cross head casing, said housing construction providing inlet and outlet ports for the cylinder chamber in said cylinder casing.

7. As an article of manufacture an internal combustion engine housing comprising a cylinder casing providing a cylinder compartment therein and having inlet and outlet ports therein opening on the top surface of said cylinder casing, a cylinder head removably associated with the cylinder-casing providing a, compartment in ,the cylinder casing facing side thereof of greater dimension than the. cylinder chamber and into which the inlet and outlet ports and cylinder chamber communicate, said cylinder casing in the loweri end thereof having a relativelylarge compartment communicating with the cylinder chamber and of greater transverse dimension, than thecylinder chamber, and a lower cylinder head .detachably associated with the cylinder casing providing inlet and.

outlet ports therein communicating with the compartmentv at the lower end of said cylinder casmgi 8, An internal; combustion engine com outlet ports of the cylinder casing and which the cylinder chamber therein, a, lower cylinder head removably associated with the lower end of said cylinder casing and pro viding inlet and outlet ports therein in com-, munication with the compartment in the lower end. of said cylinder casing, and ignitiondevices carried by the cylinder casing and top cylinder head directlyoverthe i11- take port ofthe, lower cylinder head and intake port of the cylinder casing respectively.

FRANK M. KING. 

